At present there are only two types of contraceptive implant used in the UK, Norplant and Implanon. Norplant is no longer available but some women may still have one fitted as they can be used for up to five years.

There are also two types of contraceptive injections available. The most common, Depo-Provera is effective for up to 12 weeks, after which another injection is given. The second type, Noristerat must be given again after eight weeks.

Both types of implants and injections release the female hormone progestogen slowly into the body. The contraceptive implant is made up of one or more small tubes that are implanted under the skin of the upper arm by a doctor or nurse. This procedure requires a local anaesthetic and should only take about ten minutes to complete.

A contraceptive injection is injected into a muscle and takes a few seconds to administer. Implants and injections are very effective methods of contraception and are proven to be 99% percent reliable in preventing pregnancy.

What is it used for

Contraceptive implants and injections are used to prevent pregnancies occurring. They do not protect either partner against infection of sexually transmitted diseases.

Treatment

Periods may change significantly in the first year of using contraceptive implants or injections. They will usually become irregular and may become very heavy, shorter and lighter, or stop altogether. This may settle down after the first year, but occasionally continues as long as the implant is fitted or the injection remains in the body.

 Other side effects may occur including headaches, weight gain, nausea, breast tenderness, and depression. These usually pass after the first few months. Prolonged or severe headaches or other side effects should be reported to a doctor.

Very rarely, the area where the implant has been fitted can become infected. If this happens the infected area will be cleaned and may be treated with antibiotics.

Fertility should return to normal after the contraceptive injection has left the body (eight to twelve weeks after it is administered). However, some women experience difficulties conceiving for up to a year after stopping the injection.

Contraceptive implants and injections do not protect either partner against infection of sexually transmitted diseases.